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SoleisthefirstfilmbythegreatAlessandroBlasettiandbearsacomplexrelationshiptothereclamationofthePontineMarshes,aseminaleventinFascistpoliticalhistory.SoleisalsoanimportantdocumentinItalianfilmhistory.Itsuseofnon-professionalactorsandlocationshootingbeganthemovementawayfromstudiospectacleandhistoricalcostumeepictowardItalianfilmrealism.AlongwithBlasetti'slaterfilm1860(1934),SoleincludesmanyofthecinematicandhumanistictraitsofneorealismandunderscoresBlasetti'sroleasoneofitsprogenitors.<br/> Background<br/> Thefilm'ssubjectisthemassive,highlyvisiblebonificaintegrale("integratedreclamation")projectundertakenin1929byMussolinitodrainthePontinemarshes,locatedontheAppianWaysome30milessoutheastofRome,betweenAnzioandTerracina.Themarsheswereamalarialswamppopulatedbyaculturallyrichbutpoliticallypowerlessnativepeople,andthereforeregardedasripeforreclamation.<br/> Theprojectaimedtoreplacethemarsheswithproductivefarmlandandruralhousing,andwasaFascistposterforpublicworksandthe"ruralvocationoftheItalianpeople".Settlerswereprovidedwithastandarizedtwo-storeyfarmhouseofbluestuccowithtiledroof,anoven,aplough,agriculturaltools,astable,somecowsandseveralhectaresofland.Mussoliniwasregularlyphotographedshirtlesswithworkersandfarmers,toolinhand,forinclusioninpropagandanewsreels.<br/> Mussolinispearheadedthelegislation,thereafterknownas"Mussolini'sLaw".Workbeganin1929,theyearthatSolewasmade,andinvolvedasmanyas100,000workers.Workerswerepaidpoorly,internedinbarbedwirecampswithminimalcareandsanitation,andmalariawasrampant.AlthoughFascistagrarianidealswouldhavetransformedthenativesfromprimitiveswampdwellerstoproductivefarmers,infact,duetotheirunreliablepolitics,thenativeswereevictedandthefiveplannedtownswerepopulatedwithreliablesupportersfromstronglyFascistNorthernItaly.<br/> Ironically,AnzioatthenorthendofthefilledmarsheslaterservedastheAlliedbeachheadforaplannedflankattackonGermanforcesandamarchonthe"OpenCity"ofRome.Toimpedethis,Germansturnedoffthedrainagepumpstorefloodthemarsh,hopingtocreateamalarialnetfortheinvaders.Asaresult,AlliedandGermansoldiersfoughtmalariaaswellaseachother,agriculturewasdevastated,houseswerecommandeeredordestroyed,andthepopulationwasdrivenout.Theareawasphysicallydevastated,undoingIlDuce'saccomplishments.<br/> Thefilm<br/> SolehasacomplexrelationtotheFascistprojectitdocuments.Outwardlyit'sapaeontoFascistengineeringandvaluessuchasthewilltowardprogress,ruralagrariandevelopment,culturalhomogenizationandapositivisticspinonthe"eternalconflictbetweencivilizationandregression".Mussolinireportedlyadmiredthefilminaprivatescreeningbeforeitsrelease.ButthefilmresidesambiguouslybetweenFascistvaluesandaneo-realistappreciationforlocalcultureandsympathyforthedisplacedswamppeopleandreclamationworkers.Like1860,Solehasnon-professionalactors,locationshootingandapopulistpointofview,traitsthatwereheralded20yearslaterinLaTerraTremaasthefoundationofneorealism.<br/> Thefilmofferedhereistheonlyknownfragment–thefirstreelcontaining265m(about9minutes)oftheoriginal76mintues.TheoriginalnegativewasdestroyedbytheNazisduringtheRomanoccupationof1943-1944.<br/> Sources:<br/> <ahref="https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPontine_Marshes&link2key=ff3a505ae6"target="_blank"rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.<wbr/>org/wiki/Pontine_Mar<wbr/>shes</a><br/> <ahref="https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBattle_of_Anzio&link2key=ff3a505ae6"target="_blank"rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.<wbr/>org/wiki/Battle_of_A<wbr/>nzio</a><br/> <ahref="https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fcovblogs.com%2Featingbark%2Farchives%2F2008%2F09%2Fpontine_marshes.html&link2key=ff3a505ae6"target="_blank"rel="nofollow">http://covblogs.com/<wbr/>eatingbark/archives/<wbr/>2008/09/pontine_mars<wbr/>hes.html</a><br/> <ahref="https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhistclo.com%2Fcountry%2Fit%2Freg%2Fcent%2Flat%2Fircl-pont.html&link2key=ff3a505ae6"target="_blank"rel="nofollow">http://histclo.com/c<wbr/>ountry/it/reg/cent/l<wbr/>at/ircl-pont.html</a><br/> <ahref="https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F09%2F22%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F22marsh.html&link2key=ff3a505ae6"target="_blank"rel="nofollow">http://www.nytimes.c<wbr/>om/2008/09/22/world/<wbr/>europe/22marsh.html</a><br/> Images:<br/> <ahref="https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fcovblogs.com%2Featingbark%2Farchives%2F2008%2F09%2Fpontine_marshes.html&link2key=ff3a505ae6"target="_blank"rel="nofollow">http://covblogs.com/<wbr/>eatingbark/archives/<wbr/>2008/09/pontine_mars<wbr/>hes.html</a><br/> <ahref="https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hks.harvard.edu%2Ffs%2Frzeckhau%2FThe_Five_Neglects.ppt&link2key=ff3a505ae6"target="_blank"rel="nofollow">http://www.hks.harva<wbr/>rd.edu/fs/rzeckhau/T<wbr/>he_Five_Neglects.ppt<wbr/></a><br/> <ahref="https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=http%3A%2F%2Flog.doggerland.net%2Fpage%2F11%2F&link2key=ff3a505ae6"target="_blank"rel="nofollow">http://log.doggerlan<wbr/>d.net/page/11/</a><br/> <ahref="https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhistclo.com%2Fcountry%2Fit%2Freg%2Fcent%2Flat%2Fircl-pont.html&link2key=ff3a505ae6"target="_blank"rel="nofollow">http://histclo.com/c<wbr/>ountry/it/reg/cent/l<wbr/>at/ircl-pont.html</a><br/> (filmnutz)
