正在同步电影信息
AnswertoViolenceisawartimethrillerbasedonthefamousassassinationofNaziwarcriminalFranzKutschera,theSSandPoliceCommanderfortheDistrictofWarsaw,bythePolishHomeArmy(AK)on1February1944.Dubbed"thetorturerofWarsaw"fororderingaseriesofmassexecutions,hisdeathtriggeredimmediateretaliationbytheGermanoccupierinwhich100innocenthostageswereshot.Buttheassassinationstrengthenedthespiritsoffellowcountrymenandrekindledtheirhopesforvictory.Thefilmgainednotonlydomesticrecognitionbutalsointernationalrenownincountrieswhichalsohadfoughtagainstfascism.<br/> DirectedbyJerzyPassendorfer(1923-2003)andbasedonanoriginalscriptbyJerzyStefanStawinski,AnswertoViolencewasfilmedin1958andpremieredinWarsawon12January1959.Todate,thefilmhasbeenseenbyover3.8millionviewersinPolishcinemaandmillionsmoreviaTVscreenings,andisoneofthemostpopulardomesticallyproducedwarfilms.Itsattractionisduetotheswiftaction-dominatedplotandtheskillfulrealisationofthework,aswellastheglorificationofthelegendoftheHomeArmy.Thethemewasnotonlyasymbolofthestruggleagainsttheinvaderbutalsoanexpressionofthepro-WesternaspirationsofPoland,includingresistanceagainstannexingPolandintotheSovietsphereofinfluenceandforcefullyinstitutingacommunistregime.BecauseitwassoesteemedbymostPoles,theHomeArmywaspersecutedbythesecurityapparatusanditsexploitswereignoredorminimisedbyauthoritiesofthePeople'sRepublicofPoland(PRL)afterthewar.(In2001,thedirectorWojciechWojcikexploredthisthemeinhis"ThereandBack").Theresultwasthateverywell-filmedworkfavourabletotheAK-evenif,asinthecaseof"AnswertoViolence",itsnamewasneverevenmentioned-elicitedanoverwhelminglypositiveresponsefromsociety.In1978,thesuccessfulformulawasrepeatedwithOperationArsenalcreatedbyJanLomnicki,abouttherescuefromtheGestapoofthefighterJanBytnar(alias"Redhead"[Rudy]).<br/> Passendorferdebutedin1957withavirtuallyunnoticedfilm,TreasureofCaptainMartensandspecialisedinwarepics;healsohelmedHeadingforBerlin-theLastDays(1969)aboutthePolishFirstArmyenteringBerlintogetherwiththeRedArmy.WhileAnswertoViolencewasmuchbetterreceivedbytheaudiencethanbydomesticcritics,itgainedsignificantinternationalrecognition.ItwasawardedtheFIPRESCIPrize(InternationalFederationofFilmCritics)duringtheSeventhSanSebastianInternationalFilmFestivalin1959andtheGoldMedalduringtheFirstInternationalResistanceMoviesFestivalintheItaliancityofCuneoin1963.<br/> AnswertoViolenceandthePolishFilmSchool<br/> PassendorferfilmedAnswertoViolenceduringthe"StormandStress"periodandthecrowningeraofthePolishFilmSchool,asdepictedbythreemasterpiecesconcernedwithsettlementandmartyrology:Kanal/TheyLovedLife(1957)andAshesandDiamonds(1958)byAndrzejWajda,andEroicabyAndrzejMunk(1958).Inthefirstandthirdfilm,theactiontakesplaceduringtheNazioccupationandinthesecondone,duringthewaninghoursofthewar.<br/> ThewarthemeundoubtedlydrawsAnswertoViolencenearertothemaincurrentoftheschool,butPassendorfer'sdifferentapproachtothetopicdoesnotpermitthefilmtobeplacedwithinit.DespitethedramaticfinaleofAnswertoViolence,whichdepictstheconsequencesofthe"Kutscheraoperation"-thedesperateattemptsatrescuingtheinjuredandtheambushattheKierbedziabridge,butofwhichechothehopelesssituationoftheinsurgentsinKanal/TheyLovedLife-thisechoisbarelyaudible.Anequallysuperficialrelationexistsbetweentheromanticattitudeoftheeager-to-fightZawada(ZbigniewCynkutis)ortheinitiallyscepticalapproachofMarek,dealingwiththeprevailingPolishquestionofwhethertofightornottofight.WajdatriedtoanswerthisquestioninKanal/TheyLovedLifeandAshesandDiamondsandMunkinEroica,buttheentertainmentaspectofAnswertoViolenceweakenedtheelementofdiscourseandintellectualprovocationthatwastypicalofthefilmsatthattime.<br/> Inspiteofthatdifference,Passendorfer'sworkfitsintothePolishFilmSchool-notinitsprimarytrendbutasasidecurrentdepictingthesensationalaspectofwarandoccupation.OthersuchfilmsincludeDeserterbyWitoldLesiewicz(1958),PillsforAureliabyStanislawLenartowicz(1958),TheEaglebyLeonardBuczkowski(1958),andWhiteBearbyJerzyZarzycki(1959).AllofthesewardramasshareonecommonfeaturedistinguishingthemfromtheworksofMunkandWajdacitedabove:insteadofdepictinglosses,theyfocusonthevictoriousstrugglesofPolesagainsttheNazioppressors,eventhoughtheycameatgreatsacrifice.Halfacenturyago,filmsportrayingwarasadventuremetsociety'sneedforsuccess,evenifpartlystimulatedbytheauthorities.ThesefilmswerebeginningtodepartfromtheopendiscussionsinitiatedbytheOctoberThaw.InsuppressingthepolemicalcurrentofthePolishFilmSchool,thistrendsetanotheroneagainstit-onethatdidnotattempttore-openthenationalwounds.Thus,Passendorfer'sfilmismuteaboutthemostsevererepercussionsoftheevent:theshootingtheverynextdayof100hostageswithinafewmetersofwhereKutscherawasexecuted,andtheimpositionofafineof100,000marksonthecapitalcity.The"personalrelationship"betweenthePolishFilmSchoolandAnswertoViolenceisbeyondanydoubt.Stawinski,oneofthemovement'sbestscriptwriters,contributedtomanyoutstandingworksofthetime:notonlyKanal/TheyLovedLifeandEroicabutalsoManontheTrack(1956),ananti-StalinistfilmbyMunk,andBadLuckbythesameauthor.Lipman,oneoftheleadingcameramenoftheschool,contributedtothesuccessofGeneration(1955),Kanal/TheyLovedLife,andLotna(1959),allbyWajda.
